Citrus Pests and Diseases: Challenges Faced by Florida’s Citrus Farmers


Florida’s citrus groves produce some of the world’s finest oranges, grapefruits, and tangerines—but behind every harvest lies a constant battle against pests and diseases. These challenges can severely impact fruit quality, tree health, and overall production. For decades, Florida’s citrus farmers have faced an uphill climb to protect their groves, relying on innovation, research, and resilience to stay ahead.

The Ongoing Threat of Citrus Greening (HLB)
By far the most serious disease facing Florida’s citrus industry is Huanglongbing (HLB), or citrus greening. First detected in Florida in 2005, HLB is caused by a bacterium spread by the Asian citrus psyllid, a tiny insect that feeds on citrus leaves and stems. Infected trees produce bitter, misshapen fruit and often die within a few years. There is currently no cure, but researchers are working on resistant rootstocks and advanced nutrient treatments to slow the disease’s progression and help trees remain productive longer.

Other Common Citrus Diseases
In addition to HLB, citrus canker is another bacterial disease that causes lesions on fruit, leaves, and stems. Spread by wind and rain, it can lead to early fruit drop and reduced marketability. Black spot, a fungal disease, has also become a concern in recent years. These diseases thrive in Florida’s warm, humid climate, making prevention and early detection essential.

Insect Pests That Threaten Groves
Beyond the psyllid, Florida citrus groves contend with a variety of pests. Citrus leaf miners, aphids, and mites can all cause damage to young trees and leaves, reducing a tree’s ability to photosynthesize and grow. The citrus root weevil, meanwhile, attacks the root system and weakens tree stability.

Integrated Pest and Disease Management
To combat these threats, growers are using Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies that combine biological controls (like introducing natural predators), targeted pesticide applications, and cultural practices such as pruning and sanitation. Regular monitoring and early intervention are key to protecting groves while minimizing environmental impact.

Despite the many obstacles, Florida’s citrus farmers continue to innovate and adapt—ensuring the tradition of sweet, sun-ripened citrus lives on.

For more on Florida citrus and to enjoy fresh, hand-picked fruit delivered to your door, visit FloridaOrange.com.

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